Category: World Politics

Venezuela’s Trajectory: Revolutionary or Servile?

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Since the January 3, 2026, US assault on Venezuela, the course being set by the country’s acting president Delcy Rodríguez has been at the center of a debate, both among the Venezuelan people and among those around the world — especially in the United States — who oppose US imperialism’s hegemonic designs in the hemisphere. Is the Rodríguez government carrying forward the legacy of the social reforms that characterized the presidency of Hugo Chávez? Is the working class the motor force behind change in present-day Venezuela, or have workers and peasants been demobilized and demoralized? Do the many deals being made with Washington represent a necessary retreat or are they a betrayal of the country’s working people? Among those joining the discussion was Argentine writer Diego Molinas. His column is published in this post.

Obscene Display of US Imperial Power at UN

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On September 22, 2026, US president Donald Trump welcomed the world to the opening of the 81st session of the UN General Assembly in New York, a “welcome” peppered with boasts of US prowess and threats of Armageddon for any who dare cross Washington. Trump reiterated his intent to bring the Cuban people to heel, bragged about the US conquest of Venezuela, and boasted of being a “peacemaker” in Gaza. But what made it an especially obscene performance were his threats of genocide against Iran. “Do I annihilate the Islamic Republic and do it quickly, never giving them a chance to kill and destroy people and countries again? Do I drive them into hell with no chance of survival and no hope of future greatness or generations?” The only thing more stunning than this grotesque performance was the deafening silence of his audience as only the Cuban and Iranian delegations walked out.

US Interference Colors Brazil’s Electoral Landscape

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Elections will be held in Brazil on October 4, 2026, against a backdrop of the Latin American oligarchy aligning itself with the United States — a development closely tied to Trump’s interference in the elections held during his second term. This is not a new practice in Washington; what is different is the brazenness with which it is now declared. Trump has already announced his preference for Flávio Bolsonaro, the son of Jair Bolsonaro, who is running as the candidate of the Liberal Party (PL), against the incumbent president, Lula, of the Workers Party (PT). This is an analysis of Brazil’s electoral landscape by Cuban writer and historian Ernesto Limia.

Washington Takes New Steps to Plunder Venezuela’s Oil

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Caracas Hands Over Nation’s Patrimony for Next Century — “BIGGEST OIL DEAL IN WORLD HISTORY,” US president Donald Trump shouted from his X account on August 28, 2026. Touting the US acquisition of majority control over one fifth of Venezuela’s oil reserves, he claimed the arrangement comes at “no cost to the American Taxpayer … and will substantially lower Gas Prices for all Americans, long into the future.” On the Venezuelan side, Rodríguez claims the deal will generate $200 billion in tax and royalty revenues for her country. But the deal is nothing short of highway robbery at the point of an imperial sword.

On US-Israeli War on Iran & Tehran’s Political Prisoners

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The August 20 Guardian, a British daily, published an Open Letter addressed To Iran’s political prisoners, trapped ‘between two blades of a scissors.’ Signed by Angela Davis, Mumia Abu-Jamal, and other activists and academics, the letter extended solidarity to political prisoners facing repression by Iran’s theocratic regime, and, at the same time, expressed opposition to the US-Israeli war on Iran. The letter is reproduced in this post. The Open Letter stirred a fierce controversy. Many on the left slammed the authors as objectively aligning themselves with US imperialism by criticizing the Iranian regime. This article explains why World-Outlook stands on the side of the Open Letter in this debate.

On Russia’s New Economic Policy in Early 1920s (2)

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In the early 1920s, the Bolsheviks carried out a retreat from earlier policies of the 1917 Russian Revolution — the New Economic Policy (NEP). It was launched following the devastation of the young Soviet republic after three years of civil war, foreign imperialist intervention, and setbacks of revolutionary struggles in Europe. In discussions and debates on social media and elsewhere in Cuba on a series of economic measures adopted in the Caribbean country on June 18, 2026, a number of supporters of the Cuban Revolution have referred to the NEP. While some of the measures being taken in Cuba resemble the NEP, the situation facing Cuba today is very different. An article on the NEP in the first installment of this post summarized that policy and the reasons for its implementation in Soviet Russia, as well as the differences between the situation in Soviet Russia in the early 1920s and what Cuba faces today. In this part, we are publishing major excerpts of speeches by Lenin on the NEP.

On Russia’s New Economic Policy in Early 1920s (1)

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Russian peasants carrying food in October 1921

On June 18, 2026, Cuba’s National Assembly — the country’s highest legislative body — adopted an extensive series of new economic measures. These decisions were made as Cuba confronts its deepest economic and social crisis since the 1959 revolution, largely caused by Washington’s relentless economic war for nearly seven decades, which the Trump administration qualitatively escalated this year. In discussions and debates on social media and elsewhere in Cuba, a number of supporters of the Cuban Revolution have referred to similar measures adopted in the early years of the Russian Revolution, known as the “New Economic Policy” (NEP). While some of the measures being taken in Cuba resemble the NEP, the situation facing Cuba today is very different. As a contribution to this discussion, we are publishing here an article on the NEP with a postscript sketching the main differences in the political situation faced by the Bolsheviks in the 1920s and those Cuba confronts today.

World Cup Moment #3: The Malvinas Belong to Argentina!

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On July 15, 2026, Argentina’s national team beat England 2-1 in the World Cup semifinal match in Atlanta, Georgia, advancing to the final against Spain. It was a stunning victory since Argentina trailed England 1-0 for most of the game but scored two goals within seven minutes at the very end of the match. A moment minutes after the end of the match stood out as the most worth highlighting and is the reason for this post. The Argentine players, facing thousands of jubilant fans in the Atlanta stadium, unfurled a banner that read in Spanish: “LAS MALVINAS SON ARGENTINAS” (The Malvinas Belong to Argentina), drawing louder cheers from the stands. This article provides historical background to this conflict.

World Cup Moment #2: Lumumba Lives!

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At the World Cup on Tuesday [June 23, 2026] — a man in a red suit stood completely still for 90 minutes in the stands. Then he covered his mouth and used two fingers to simulate pointing a gun to his head….His name is Michel Kuka Mboladinga — known as “Lumumba Vea,” which means “Lumumba Lives.” For more than a decade he has stood motionless at every DR [Democratic Republic] Congo match — suit and tie, arm raised — as a living tribute to Patrice Lumumba, the first Prime Minister of an independent Congo. This story provides historical background on who killed Lumumba and why.

World Cup Moment #1: Norway Donates Proceeds from Israel Match to Gaza

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On October 11, 2025, Norway’s national football (soccer in U.S. parlance) team defeated Israel 5-0 in a World Cup qualifying match in Oslo, the Norwegian capital. Norway’s football federation then donated the proceeds from that game to humanitarian aid in Gaza.This action got wide publicity and praise on social media in the United States and internationally during Norway’s appearance in this year’s World Cup. During the tournament, Norway’s team made history by reaching the competition’s quarter finals for the first time ever.

Iran Stymies U.S.-Israeli War

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It’s been two months since the allied U.S. and Israeli militaries launched their war against Iran. A war of plunder, aimed at regaining access to Iran’s resources — primarily oil and natural gas — and confronting China’s growing economic influence in the region and the world. Despite the mass destruction, and degrading of its military capabilities, Iran has been able to inflict major damage on U.S military assets and on oil and other facilities in the Gulf and nearby countries allied with Washington. Iran has so far stymied the U.S.-Israeli war, providing a bit of much needed breathing space to revolutionary Cuba.

Venezuela After the U.S. Coup: Interview with Federico Fuentes

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Federico Fuentes, a long-time Venezuela solidarity activist, was quoted at length in the two-part news analysis “Washington’s Conquest in Venezuela” that World-Outlook published last month. In the full interview published here, Ashley Smith of the online journal Tempest talks with him about the U.S. attack, Maduro’s regime, and the urgency of building resistance to Trump’s “vicious new imperialism.”

End the Bombing of Iran; No Blood for Oil!

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U.S., Israel Hands Off Iran

The massive bombing of Iran unleashed by the U.S. and Israeli governments on February 28, 2026, has thrust the Middle East into a regional war. This is an imperialist war shaking the Mideast and threatening world peace. It has set back prospects for the Iranian people to eventually rid themselves of the oppressive regime in Tehran. It is a war for oil. Ranked third after Venezuela and Saudi Arabia, Iran sits atop one of the largest oil reserves in the world. Taking control of these enormous assets would put the U.S. military in a better position to face a future war with China — Washington’s top competitor. All this is done at the expense of working- and middle-class people in Iran and across the region.

Revolution and Counter-revolution in Iran: Origins of Clerical Regime

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This article was first published by World-Outlook on May 6, 2024, as the second of the two-part news analysis “Iran-Israel Shadow War: Its Role in Mideast Conflict.” We are re-publishing it now to bring it to the attention of all our readers — including more than 100 who have subscribed since it first appeared — because it provides valuable background information relevant to understanding current events in the Middle East.

Solidarity with Cuba Takes Off in Latin America

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Cuba is not alone. Around the world — including the United States, Cuba solidarity groups are organizing campaigns to send medical supplies and medications, solar panels, and other material aid. Pressure is now being applied to governments of oil-producing countries in Latin America to send Cuba the one thing that working people, youth, and anyone who cares for human decency cannot provide — petroleum.

Washington’s Conquest in Venezuela (II)

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An Answer to Party for Socialism and Liberation Claim that ‘Bolivarian Revolution Still Stands.’ This is the second of two parts. On January 3, 2026, U.S. forces bombed Venezuela and abducted the country’s president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores. Among those in the United States who oppose Washington’s assault on Caracas and its saber rattling in the Americas, there are counterposed assessments on what has unfolded in Venezuela and on the character of the country’s current government. Manolo De Los Santos, executive director of the People’s Forum in New York City and a researcher in Tricontinental, outlined his perspective in the January 4 article Venezuela’s Revolution still stands: debunking Trump’s psyop. It was first published by the People’s Dispatch and immediately reprinted by Liberation, the newspaper of the Party for Socialism and Liberation. His claims fly in the face of reality as shown by this article.

Washington’s Conquest in Venezuela (I)

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An Answer to Party for Socialism and Liberation Claim that ‘Bolivarian Revolution Still Stands’. On January 3, 2026, U.S. forces bombed Venezuela and abducted the country’s president, Nicolás Maduro, and his wife, Cilia Flores. Among those in the United States who oppose Washington’s assault on Caracas and its saber rattling in the Americas, there are counterposed assessments on what has unfolded in Venezuela and on the character of the country’s current government. Manolo De Los Santos, executive director of the People’s Forum in New York City and a researcher in Tricontinental, outlined his perspective in the January 4 article Venezuela’s Revolution still stands: debunking Trump’s psyop. It was first published by the People’s Dispatch and immediately reprinted by Liberation, the newspaper of the Party for Socialism and Liberation. His claims fly in the face of reality as shown by this article.

Somalia’s Destruction by U.S. & European Gov’ts, Big Business

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On December 2, 2025, U.S. president Donald Trump unleashed yet another racist rant, this time calling Somalis “garbage” and stating that their country “stinks.” This comes after decades of distortions and lies about Somali piracy, which in fact emerged from the collapse of Somali government and society, a nightmare created by the intervention of the wealthy families ruling the United States and European countries in particular. This is a good moment to review the horrific history of U.S. imperialism in Somalia, and the decisive role of successive U.S. administrations — Democratic and Republican — in that country’s destruction.

Factory Explosion Kills Five Workers at Trikala, Greece

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In the early morning hours of Monday, January 26, 2026, a powerful explosion ripped through the Violanta biscuit plant on the outskirts of Trikala, a city in Thessaly, central Greece, about 320 km (~ 200 miles) north of Athens, the country’s capital. According to the fire department, 11 workers were inside the factory’s affected production wing at the time. Rescue crews recovered the bodies of five women workers from the debris. The rest were pulled out alive, along with a firefighter who suffered minor injuries during the response.

Minneapolis Fight Against ICE Inspires Mexican Ballads

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Mexican corridos are a narrative genre of music rooted in the 19th century that served as a “newspaper” for the oppressed. Beginning with the Mexican War of Independence (1810-1821) and later becoming immensely popular during the Mexican Revolution (1910-1920), corridos recounted tales of heroes and the struggles of everyday life. A number of Mexican songwriters are now turning to this tradition to honor Alex Pretti and Renee Nicole Good, both murdered this month in Minneapolis, Minnesota, by U.S. Border Patrol and Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) agents.

Cuba’s Role in Venezuela

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On January 3, 2026, the U.S. military invaded Venezuela and abducted its president Nicolás Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores. Among the approximately 100 civilians and security personnel killed in the assault were 32 Cuban nationals. Since then, there has been rampant speculation about how the U.S. forces were able to breach Maduro’s security, what the Cuban nationals were doing in Venezuela, and the nature of the relationship between Cuba and Venezuela. This article clarifies Cuba’s role in Venezuela and answers many of the claims peddled as part of Washington’s propaganda.

Greek Farmers Escalate Protests: ‘It’s A Struggle for Survival’

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KALAMATA, Greece, January 8, 2026 — “We’ve taken to the streets for 35 days now because the government won’t listen to our just demands,” said Kostas Apostolopoulos, an olive oil producer, in a January 6 interview outside this city on the southern part of the Greek mainland. “We don’t intend to give up. It’s a struggle for survival.” The protests here are part of a nationwide revolt by farmers and livestock breeders that began November 30. After nationwide conferences on January 4 and 7 of representatives of agricultural producers in Nikea, outside the city of Larissa in central Greece, farmers resolved to escalate their protests since the government is not meeting the farmers even part way.

U.S. Out of Venezuela! No Blood for Oil!

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The U.S. military assault on Venezuela today, and the kidnapping of the country’s president Nicolás Maduro and his wife Cilia Flores, is naked imperialist aggression, and a blatant violation of international law and of Venezuela’s sovereignty. Working people in the United States and the world and anyone supporting democracy need to swiftly condemn this Yankee onslaught and turn to the streets to protest it.

‘U.S. Hands Off Venezuela!’

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MIAMI, Florida, December 23, 2025 – Forty people demonstrated at the downtown Miami Torch of Friendship on Tuesday evening against Washington’s accelerating moves toward war on Venezuela. The protesters rallied at the call of the newly formed Miami Hands Off Venezuela Coalition. The coalition’s two points of unity in action are “U.S. Hands Off Venezuela!” and “No Deportations!”

U.S. Out of the Caribbean; No Blockade of Venezuelan Oil

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In a major escalation of its hostilities against the people of Venezuela and the government of Nicolás Maduro, U.S. president Donald Trump announced on December 16 “a total and complete blockade of all sanctioned oil tankers” going in and out of that country. This is an act of war, aimed not only at Venezuela but Cuba, and a warning to all governments in Latin America and the Caribbean that dare stand up to the Yankee bully. Coming on the heels of killing at least 95 people in small boats off the Venezuelan and Colombian coasts on the pretext of fighting drug trafficking — nothing but murder at sea — and the seizure of a Venezuelan oil tanker, the blockade of Venezuelan oil brings the region a step closer to war.

Syrian Australian Muslim Halts Indian Australian ISIL Attack on Jewish Australians

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The article below first appeared in Informed Comment on December 16, 2025. It emphasizes important aspects of what unfolded during the murderous attack on Jews at Bondi Beach in Sydney, Australia, and its aftermath. “Muslims belonging to a small radical cult — born in the maelstrom of the American occupation of Iraq — perpetrated the unspeakable attack,” says author Juan Cole, a professor of history at the University of Michigan, referring to the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL), with which the two Bondi Beach shooters had a connection. “Yet a mainstream Muslim intervened to halt it.”

Murderous Attack at Bondi Beach in Australia: A Heinous Act of Jew Hatred

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The murderous attack at Bondi Beach in Sydney, Australia, was a heinous act of Jew hatred. It should be condemned as resolutely as we condemn Israel’s ongoing oppression of the Palestinian people. As resolutely as we condemn all forms of bigotry and the violence it engenders. The courage of Ahmed al-Ahmed, an Australian citizen born in Syria who charged the younger shooter and disarmed him, saved lives. He deserves our immense respect.

Greek Farmers Revolt; Block Highways, Ports, Airports

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Since November 30, farmers and livestock breeders in Greece have been blockading highways, roads, border crossings, railway stations, and some ports and airports. They are demanding relief from the squeeze of low producer prices on the one hand and high costs of fuel, seeds, fertilizers, and equipment on the other. These are the largest such mobilizations in the country in more than a decade, and they show no signs of winding down.

U.S. Military Strikes in Latin America, Caribbean: Murder at Sea

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On November 6, the U.S. Navy carried out the latest in a series of strikes in international waters against small vessels allegedly trafficking drugs to the United States. These attacks in the Caribbean and eastern Pacific have resulted in at least 70 deaths — people killed without any chance to answer Washington’s allegations — and there is no sign they will stop anytime soon. The administration of U.S. president Donald Trump has yet to provide a shred of evidence showing that these boats were loaded with narcotics or that the people on board were willing participants in drug trafficking.

Author Adam Shatz on ‘The World since October 7’ (II)

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In this essay, author Adam Shatz raises important issues that deserve further discussion in light of the gruesome October 7, 2023, attack led by Hamas that targeted civilians in Israel, the genocidal war Israel unleashed in retaliation on the entire population of Gaza, and a new wave of violence by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Zionist settlers against Palestinians in the West Bank. Shatz also examines political developments in the Mideast and beyond after the recent U.S.-Israeli war on Iran. He spells out the implications of last year’s Israeli invasion of Lebanon, which decimated the Iranian-backed Hezbollah and caused a substantial death toll among the broader civilian Lebanese population, and of the overthrow of the Assad dictatorship in Syria. This is the second of two parts.

Author Adam Shatz on ‘The World since October 7’ (I)

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In this essay, author Adam Shatz raises important issues that deserve further discussion in light of the gruesome October 7, 2023, attack led by Hamas that targeted civilians in Israel, the genocidal war Israel unleashed in retaliation on the entire population of Gaza, and a new wave of violence by the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) and Zionist settlers against Palestinians in the West Bank. Shatz also examines political developments in the Mideast and beyond after the recent U.S.-Israeli war on Iran. He spells out the implications of last year’s Israeli invasion of Lebanon, which decimated the Iranian-backed Hezbollah and caused a substantial death toll among the broader civilian Lebanese population, and of the overthrow of the Assad dictatorship in Syria. This is the first of two parts.

Oppose U.S.-Israeli War on Iran

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In the early morning hours of Sunday, June 22, the U.S. government joined Israel’s unprovoked aerial war on Iran, aimed — primarily — at destroying the country’s uranium enrichment facilities. This imperialist war has further destabilized the Middle East, set back any prospects for the Iranian people to eventually rid themselves of the oppressive regime in Tehran, and may contribute to new blows against the Palestinian people in Gaza and beyond.

Trump’s 2nd Term: One-Man Rule & the Danger of Incipient Fascism (II)

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In its first month in office, the administration of U.S. president Donald Trump has made clear in word and deed it represents a break from liberal democracy — the form of government that has prevailed in the United States through most of the country’s 250-year-long history. It is an abrupt shift to the right in U.S. politics, one with grave dangers for the working class and all who favor democracy. The evidence points to the danger of the rise of an incipient fascist movement. “Incipient” in the sense of beginning to come into being or to become apparent. This is the second of two parts.

Trump’s 2nd Term: One-Man Rule & the Danger of Incipient Fascism (I)

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In its first month in office, the administration of U.S. president Donald Trump has made clear in word and deed it represents a break from liberal democracy — the form of government that has prevailed in the United States through most of the country’s 250-year-long history. It is an abrupt shift to the right in U.S. politics, one with grave dangers for the working class and all who favor democracy. The evidence points to the danger of the rise of an incipient fascist movement. “Incipient” in the sense of beginning to come into being or to become apparent. This is the first of two parts.

Before Ethiopian Crash, Boeing Concealed Critical Safety Information

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This article details how Boeing concealed information on a critical flight-control system in its 737 Max plane. Ethiopian Airlines pilots had requested the information after the 2018 catastrophic crash of the same type of aircraft operated by Lion Air, an Indonesian airline. Soon after the Ethiopian Airlines’ request, a 737 Max operated by this carrier nose-dived after taking off from Addis Ababa, Ethiopia’s capital, killing all 157 people on board. After a lengthy investigation, and facing criminal federal charges, Boeing reached a plea deal with the U.S. Justice Department to pay damages in order to avoid a public trial. Families of many of those killed in these crashes are now trying to block this deal and force the case to a trial.

Israel Out of Lebanon and Gaza – End U.S. Aid

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On October 1, the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) invaded Lebanon, the fourth time Israel has done so since 1978. The ground invasion followed a brazen Israeli escalation: exploding personal electronic devices, intense airstrikes, and the assassination of an array of Hezbollah leaders, including the group’s general secretary Hassan Nasrallah. Hours after the invasion of Lebanon, Iran launched 181 ballistic missiles at Israel, escalating the shadow war between the two countries. These events have posed the genuine danger of an even wider regional war that could spread beyond the Middle East.

Venezuela’s Elections: Fraud Foretold?

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“Fraud Foretold?”, an essay in the political journal New Left Review, and other articles have presented convincing evidence that the official results of Venezuela’s recent election, announcing the victory of Nicolás Maduro, are likely fraudulent. This article summarizes this evidence and outlines the political developments in Venezuela over the last three decades that are the root cause of Venezuela’s current political crisis.

Iran-Israel Shadow War: Its Role in Mideast Conflict (II)

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Iran’s theocracy took power through a counter-revolution in the 1980s. The clerics crushed the independent struggle of Iranian workers and peasants who had carried out a popular uprising in 1979. That social revolution had reverberated across the region and the world. The mobilization of working people toppled the U.S.-backed monarchy of the shah — a brutal and hated regime. Since it tamed the mass struggle, the theocracy has held on to power through periodic brutal crackdowns on any expression of opposition to the Islamist regime. This article sketches the origins of this regime that underlie its current trajectory, including the damage it has inflicted on the Palestinian struggle.

Iran-Israel Shadow War: Its Role in Mideast Conflict (I)

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Iran and Israel traded direct airstrikes on each other’s territory, for the first time, in a confrontation in April that raised the danger of a full-blown regional war. Both governments, however, stepped back from the brink after Israel chose to launch a limited strike in response to Iran’s large but ineffective rocket barrage aimed at Israel. Having avoided further direct military conflict, both countries returned to their long-running shadow war, in which Iran’s strategy is to arm and direct allied militias such as Hezbollah. These developments also shed light on Tehran’s pretentious “support” for the Palestinian liberation struggle. The clerical regime uses such posturing to prop up its dictatorial hold on power in Iran and its reactionary reach through proxy armies across the Mideast. Many Palestinians in the occupied territories, as well as working people and others in Iran, are beginning to see through such grandstanding and now openly oppose it.

Frantz Fanon and the Paradox of Anticolonial Violence (II)

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The March/April issue of Against the Current features the essay by Alan Wald “Frantz Fanon and the Paradox of Anticolonial Violence.” World-Outlook is reposting Wald’s essay with the author’s permission. Our views are not identical to all of those expressed in it. But we believe the main issues Wald raises deserve further discussion in light of the gruesome October 7 attack led by Hamas that targeted civilians in Israel and the genocidal war Israel unleashed in retaliation on the entire population of Gaza. This is the second of two parts.

Frantz Fanon and the Paradox of Anticolonial Violence (I)

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The March/April issue of Against the Current features the essay by Alan Wald “Frantz Fanon and the Paradox of Anticolonial Violence.” World-Outlook is reposting Wald’s essay with the author’s permission. Our views are not identical to all of those expressed in it. But we believe the main issues Wald raises deserve further discussion in light of the gruesome October 7 attack led by Hamas that targeted civilians in Israel and the genocidal war Israel unleashed in retaliation on the entire population of Gaza. This is the first of two parts.

Protesters in Bulgaria Condemn Violence Against Women

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SOFIA, Bulgaria — More than 5,000 people, mostly young, rallied outside the Palace of Justice here on July 31 to condemn violence against women. “Not one more woman!” proclaimed many of the signs. “We will not be silent,” was the theme of the action at Bulgaria’s capital. “Stop the genocide against women.” Similar protests took place nationwide. Bulgarian National Television reported the evening of July 31 that many thousands filled the squares of more than 30 cities and towns across the country. Demonstrations with the same demands spread to other cities on August 1. A harrowing attack against an 18-year-old woman — identified so far only by her initials, DM, to protect her from further abuse — and the authorities’ initial refusal to prosecute the perpetrator prompted the actions.

After One Year of War, Ukraine Fights On

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Russian president Vladimir Putin’s bloody invasion of Ukraine has now entered its second year. The war has developed quite differently from what many expected. The resistance of Ukraine’s people, determined to defend their right to self-determination, has been fierce and shows no sign of ebbing. The Russian military has proven far weaker than many supposed it to be. A year later Ukraine has fought Putin’s invasion to a stalemate.